Parallel evolution of morphological and genomic selfing syndromes accompany the breakdown of heterostyly

  • Zhi‐Hua Zeng
    Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
  • Li Zhong
    Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
  • Hua‐Ying Sun
    School of Chinese Materia Medica Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 China
  • Zhi‐Kun Wu
    Department of Pharmacy Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang Guizhou 550002 China
  • Xin Wang
    Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
  • Hong Wang
    CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
  • De‐Zhu Li
    Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China
  • Spencer C. H. Barrett
    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto ON M5S 3B2 Canada
  • Wei Zhou
    Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650201 China

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<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Evolutionary transitions from outcrossing to selfing in flowering plants have convergent morphological and genomic signatures and can involve parallel evolution within related lineages. Adaptive evolution of morphological traits is often assumed to evolve faster than nonadaptive features of the genomic selfing syndrome.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>We investigated phenotypic and genomic changes associated with transitions from distyly to homostyly in the <jats:italic>Primula oreodoxa</jats:italic> complex. We determined whether the transition to selfing occurred more than once and investigated stages in the evolution of morphological and genomic selfing syndromes using 22 floral traits and both nuclear and plastid genomic data from 25 populations.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Two independent transitions were detected representing an earlier and a more recently derived selfing lineage. The older lineage exhibited classic features of the morphological and genomic selfing syndrome. Although features of both selfing syndromes were less developed in the younger selfing lineage, they exhibited parallel development with the older selfing lineage. This finding contrasts with the prediction that some genomic changes should lag behind adaptive changes to morphological traits.</jats:p></jats:list-item> <jats:list-item><jats:p>Our findings highlight the value of comparative studies on the timing and extent of transitions from outcrossing to selfing between related lineages for investigating the tempo of morphological and molecular evolution.</jats:p></jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p>

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