Occurrence of the hepatotoxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea and structure of the toxin
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- K Sivonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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- K Kononen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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- W W Carmichael
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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- A M Dahlem
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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- K L Rinehart
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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- J Kiviranta
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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- S I Niemela
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
抄録
<jats:p>Water blooms formed by potentially toxic species of cyanobacteria are a common phenomenon in the Baltic Sea in late summer. Twenty-five cyanobacterial bloom samples were collected from open and coastal waters of the Baltic Sea during 1985 to 1987, and their toxicity was determined by mouse bioassay. All of 5 bloom samples from the southern Baltic Sea, 6 of 6 from the open northern Baltic Sea (Gulf of Finland), and 7 of 14 Finnish coastal samples were found to contain hepatotoxic cyanobacteria. Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae occurred together in high amounts in blooms from the open-sea areas. In addition, coastal samples contained the species Anabaena lemmermannii, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Oscillatoria agardhii. Eighteen hepatotoxic N. spumigena cultures were isolated from water bloom and open-sea water samples. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of both hepatotoxic bloom samples and Nodularia strains showed a single toxic fraction. The toxin concentrations of the blooms were less than or equal to 2.4 mg/g of freeze-dried material, and those of laboratory-grown cultures were 2.5 to 8.0 mg/g of freeze-dried cells. A single toxin was isolated from three N. spumigena-containing bloom samples and three N. spumigena laboratory isolates. Amino acid analysis and low- and high-resolution fast-atom bombardment mass spectroscopy indicated that the toxin from all of the sources was a cyclic pentapeptide (molecular weight, 824) containing glutamic acid, beta-methylaspartic acid, arginine, N-methyldehydrobutyrine, and 3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyl-4,6-decadienoic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55 (8), 1990-1995, 1989-08
American Society for Microbiology
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詳細情報 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360564064026751488
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- ISSN
- 10985336
- 00992240
- http://id.crossref.org/issn/00992240
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- データソース種別
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- Crossref