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Potent Proteasome Inhibitors Derived from the Unnatural <i>cis</i>-Cyclopropane Isomer of Belactosin A: Synthesis, Biological Activity, and Mode of Action
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- Shuhei Kawamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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- Yuka Unno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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- Anja List
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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- Akirai Mizuno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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- Motohiro Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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- Takuma Sasaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
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- Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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- Akira Asai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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- Michael Groll
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Chair of Biochemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
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- Satoshi Shuto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Description
The natural product belactosin A (1) with a trans-cyclopropane structure is a useful prototype compound for developing potent proteasome (core particle, CP) inhibitors. To date, 1 and its analogues are the only CP ligands that bind to both the nonprimed S1 pocket as well as the primed substrate binding channel; however, these molecules harbor a high IC50 value of more than 1 μM. We have performed structure-activity relationship studies, thereby elucidating unnatural cis-cyclopropane derivatives of 1 that exhibit high potency to primarily block the chymotrypsin-like active site of the human constitutive (cCP) and immunoproteasome (iCP). The most active compound 3e reversibly inhibits cCP and iCP similarly with an IC50 of 5.7 nM. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the yeast proteasome in complex with 3e revealed that the ligand is accommodated predominantly into the primed substrate binding channel and covalently binds to the active site threonine residue via its β-lactone ring-opening.
Journal
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- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 56 (9), 3689-3700, 2013-04-22
American Chemical Society (ACS)
