Relational mobility predicts social behaviors in 39 countries and is tied to historical farming and threat

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  • Robert Thomson
    Department of English, Hokusei Gakuen University, Sapporo 004-0042, Japan;
  • Masaki Yuki
    Department of Behavioral Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan;
  • Thomas Talhelm
    Department of Behavioral Science, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, Chicago, IL 60637;
  • Joanna Schug
    Department of Psychological Sciences, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185;
  • Mie Kito
    Department of Sociology and Social Work, Meiji Gakuin University, Tokyo 108-8636, Japan;
  • Arin H. Ayanian
    Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany;
  • Julia C. Becker
    Institute of Psychology, Universität Osnabrück, Osnabrück 49074, Germany;
  • Maja Becker
    CLLE, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT2J, Toulouse 31058, France;
  • Chi-yue Chiu
    Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, The People’s Republic of China;
  • Hoon-Seok Choi
    Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 3063, Republic of Korea;
  • Carolina M. Ferreira
    Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Castilla - La Mancha, Albacete, Albacete 2002, Spain;
  • Marta Fülöp
    Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest 1117, Hungary;
  • Pelin Gul
    School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NP, United Kingdom;
  • Ana Maria Houghton-Illera
    Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos, Bogotá 110221, Colombia;
  • Mihkel Joasoo
    Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50090, Estonia;
  • Jonathan Jong
    Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PE, United Kingdom;
  • Christopher M. Kavanagh
    Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6PE, United Kingdom;
  • Dmytro Khutkyy
    Electronic Democracy Expert Group, Reanimation Package of Reforms, Kiev 02000, Ukraine;
  • Claudia Manzi
    Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan 20129, Italy;
  • Urszula M. Marcinkowska
    Institute of Public Health, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków 31-531, Poland;
  • Taciano L. Milfont
    Centre for Applied Cross-Cultural Research, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand;
  • Félix Neto
    Department of Psychology, University of Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal;
  • Timo von Oertzen
    Institut für Psychologie, Universität der Bundeswehr, Munich 85579, Germany;
  • Ruthie Pliskin
    Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands;
  • Alvaro San Martin
    Managing People in Organizations Department, IESE Business School, Madrid 28010, Spain;
  • Purnima Singh
    Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India;
  • Mariko L. Visserman
    Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 BT, The Netherlands

抄録

<jats:title>Significance</jats:title> <jats:p>Biologists and social scientists have long tried to understand why some societies have more fluid and open interpersonal relationships—differences in relational mobility—and how those differences influence individual behaviors. We measure relational mobility in 39 societies and find that relationships are more stable and hard to form in east Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, while they are more fluid in the West and Latin America. Results show that relationally mobile cultures tend to have higher interpersonal trust and intimacy. Exploring potential causes, we find greater environmental threats (like disease and warfare) and sedentary farming are associated with lower relational mobility. Our society-level index of relational mobility for 39 societies is a resource for future studies.</jats:p>

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