Interprovincial differences in labour force distribution and utilization based on educational attainment in Indonesia, 2002–2015

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Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Introducing an employment variable with five levels of educational attainment <jats:italic>per capita</jats:italic> and employing inequality decomposition, this study addresses three questions. How does labour force vary by education and provinces? How does labour force utilization vary by education and provinces? What are the potential causes of differences? We find that the no‐primary‐education group is more endowed in less‐developed provinces and allocated most unequally among education groups across provinces, despite past universal primary education policies. The senior‐secondary‐education group with the largest labour share is a growing concern due to the lower employment rate and largest interprovincial inequality.</jats:p>

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