Increased Ring‐Shaped Chalkiness and Osmotic Adjustment when Growing Rice Grains under Foehn‐Induced Dry Wind Condition

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  • Hiroshi Wada
    National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region 496 Izumi Chikugo Fukuoka 833‐0041 Japan
  • Hiroshi Nonami
    Dep. of Biomechanical Systems, Faculty of Agriculture Ehime Univ. 3‐5‐7 Tarumi Matsuyama 790‐8566 Japan
  • Yoshiyuki Yabuoshi
    Miyazaki Agricultural Research Institute 5805 Shimonaka Sadowara Miyazaki 880‐0212 Japan
  • Atsushi Maruyama
    National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region 2421 Suya Koshi Kumamoto 861‐1192 Japan
  • Akio Tanaka
    Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development 2200 Ono, Kinpo Minamisatsuma Kagoshima 899‐3401 Japan
  • Kenichi Wakamatsu
    Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development 2200 Ono, Kinpo Minamisatsuma Kagoshima 899‐3401 Japan
  • Tomohiko Sumi
    Miyazaki Agricultural Research Institute 5805 Shimonaka Sadowara Miyazaki 880‐0212 Japan
  • Yasuyuki Wakiyama
    National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region 2421 Suya Koshi Kumamoto 861‐1192 Japan
  • Makoto Ohuchida
    Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development 2200 Ono, Kinpo Minamisatsuma Kagoshima 899‐3401 Japan
  • Satoshi Morita
    National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region 496 Izumi Chikugo Fukuoka 833‐0041 Japan

Description

<jats:sec><jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>Foehn‐induced dry wind during grain filling increased ring‐shaped chalky kernels in rice (<jats:italic>Oryza sativa</jats:italic> L.) plants. The objective of this study was to determine physiological mechanisms of the occurrence of ring‐shaped chalky kernels. Rice plants were subjected to water deficit in a paddy field after shade by applying dry high‐speed wind. Additionally, a growth chamber experiment was conducted with plants in pots to measure the water status under the dry wind condition for 24 h by combining in situ turgor (Ψ<jats:sub>p</jats:sub>) assay in developing endosperms with the water potential measurements. The dry (high vapor pressure deficit [VPD]) wind treatment produced the largest number of ring‐shaped chalky kernels due to poor starch accumulation, compared with shade or low‐VPD wind treatment. The inner endosperm cells, where a high frequency of chalkiness was observed, spatially maintained Ψ<jats:sub>p</jats:sub> by osmotic adjustment before the chalky formation with no decline of grain weight. Dry wind reduced photosynthesis due to a partial stomatal closure after water deficit developed. However, these responses, including those related to the plant water status, returned to a level similar to those of the control plants in a day after the dry wind was stopped. We conclude that (i) Ψ<jats:sub>p</jats:sub> maintenance by osmotic adjustment contributes to grain development under water deficit under foehn conditions and (ii) osmotic adjustment has a role in temporally inhibiting starch accumulation in endosperms, resulting in ring‐shaped chalky kernels under foehn‐induced water deficit conditions.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Journal

  • Crop Science

    Crop Science 51 (4), 1703-1715, 2011-07

    Wiley

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