Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Highly Strained Cyclophenylene–Ethynylenes with Axial and Helical Chirality

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  • Li‐Hsiang Wang
    Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
  • Norihiko Hayase
    Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
  • Haruki Sugiyama
    Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences Keio University Hiyoshi 4-1-1, Kohoku Yokohama Japan
  • Juntaro Nogami
    Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
  • Hidehiro Uekusa
    Department of Chemistry Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
  • Ken Tanaka
    Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Single and double cyclophenylene–ethynylenes (CPEs) with axial and helical chirality have been synthesized by the Sonogashira cross‐coupling of di‐ and tetraethynyl biphenyls with a U‐shaped prearomatic diiodoparaphenylene followed by reductive aromatization. X‐ray crystallographic analyses and DFT calculations revealed that the CPEs possess highly twisted bent structures. Bend angles on the edge of the paraphenylene units were close to the value of [5]cycloparaphenylene (CPP)—the smallest CPP to date. The double and single CPEs possessed stable chirality despite flexible biphenyl structures because of the high strain in the diethynyl–paraphenylene moiety. In both the single and double CPEs, orbital interactions along the biphenyl axis were observed by DFT calculations in LUMO and LUMO+2 of the single CPE and LUMO+1 of the double CPE, which likely cause lowering of these orbital energies. Concerning chiroptical properties: boosting of the <jats:italic>g</jats:italic><jats:sub>abs</jats:sub> value was observed in the biphenyl‐based double CPE, as well as the binaphthyl‐based single CPE, compared to the biphenyl‐based single CPE.</jats:p>

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