Enzymatic Regulation and Biological Functions of Reactive Cysteine Persulfides and Polysulfides
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- Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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- Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
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- Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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- Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
書誌事項
- 公開日
- 2020-08-27
- 資源種別
- journal article
- 権利情報
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- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- DOI
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- 10.3390/biom10091245
- 公開者
- MDPI AG
説明
<jats:p>Cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) and cysteine polysulfides (CysSSnH, n > 1) are cysteine derivatives that have sulfane sulfur atoms bound to cysteine thiol. Advances in analytical methods that detect and quantify persulfides and polysulfides have shown that CysSSH and related species such as glutathione persulfide occur physiologically and are prevalent in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and mammals in vivo. The chemical properties and abundance of these compounds suggest a central role for reactive persulfides in cell-regulatory processes. CysSSH and related species have been suggested to act as powerful antioxidants and cellular protectants and may serve as redox signaling intermediates. It was recently shown that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is a new cysteine persulfide synthase. In addition, we discovered that CARS is involved in protein polysulfidation that is coupled with translation. Mitochondrial activity in biogenesis and bioenergetics is supported and upregulated by CysSSH derived from mitochondrial CARS. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms of the biosynthesis of CysSSH and related persulfide species, with a particular focus on the roles of CARS. We also review the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of persulfides.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Biomolecules
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Biomolecules 10 (9), 1245-, 2020-08-27
MDPI AG