Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy

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  • J.A. Obeso
    HM CINAC Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Mostoles Madrid Spain
  • M. Stamelou
    Department of Neurology Philipps University Marburg Germany
  • C.G. Goetz
    Department of Neurological Sciences Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
  • W. Poewe
    Department of Neurology Medical University Innsbruck Innsbruck Austria
  • A.E. Lang
    Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease Toronto Western Hospital Toronto Canada
  • D. Weintraub
    Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
  • D. Burn
    Medical Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle UK
  • G.M. Halliday
    Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
  • E. Bezard
    Université de Bordeaux Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives Bordeaux France
  • S. Przedborski
    Departments of Neurology, Pathology, and Cell Biology, the Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease Columbia University New York New York USA
  • S. Lehericy
    Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière – ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche – CENIR Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225 Paris France
  • D.J. Brooks
    Clinical Sciences Department Newcastle University Newcastle UK
  • J.C. Rothwell
    Human Neurophysiology, Sobell Department UCL Institute of Neurology London UK
  • M. Hallett
    Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
  • M.R. DeLong
    Department of Neurology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA
  • C. Marras
    Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's disease, Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
  • C.M. Tanner
    Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Center, Department of Neurology University of California–San Francisco San Francisco California USA
  • G.W. Ross
    Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System Honolulu Hawaii USA
  • J.W. Langston
    Parkinson's Institute Sunnyvale California USA
  • C. Klein
    Institute of Neurogenetics University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany
  • V. Bonifati
    Department of Clinical Genetics Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
  • J. Jankovic
    Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
  • A.M. Lozano
    Department of Neurosurgery Toronto Western Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada
  • G. Deuschl
    Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig‐Holstein Christian Albrechts University Kiel Kiel Germany
  • H. Bergman
    Department of Medical Neurobiology Institute of Medical Research Israel‐Canada Jerusalem Israel
  • E. Tolosa
    Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Institut Clínic de Neurociències Hospital Clínic de Barcelona Barcelona Spain
  • M. Rodriguez‐Violante
    Movement Disorders Clinic Clinical Neurodegenerative Research Unit Mexico City Mexico
  • S. Fahn
    Department of Neurology Columbia University Medical Center New York New York USA
  • R.B. Postuma
    Department of Neurology, McGill University Montreal General Hospital Montreal Quebec Canada
  • D. Berg
    Klinik für Neurologie, UKSH, Campus Kiel Christian‐Albrechts‐Universität Kiel Germany
  • K. Marek
    Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders New Haven Connecticut USA
  • D.G. Standaert
    Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
  • D.J. Surmeier
    Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago Illinois USA
  • C.W. Olanow
    Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York New York USA
  • J.H. Kordower
    Research Center for Brain Repair Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
  • P. Calabresi
    Neurological Clinic, Department of Medicine, Hospital Santa Maria della Misericordia University of Perugia Perugia Italy
  • A.H.V. Schapira
    University Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology University College London London UK
  • A.J. Stoessl
    Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Division of Neurology & Djavadf Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia British Columbia Canada

Description

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title><jats:p>This article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple‐author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state‐of‐the‐art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society</jats:p>

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