The Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Ecosystems and Reliant Human Communities
-
- Scott C. Doney
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA;
-
- D. Shallin Busch
- Ocean Acidification Program and Conservation Biology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98112, USA;
-
- Sarah R. Cooley
- Ocean Conservancy, Washington, DC 20036, USA;
-
- Kristy J. Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA;
抄録
<jats:p> Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) levels, from fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, along with agriculture and land-use practices are causing wholesale increases in seawater CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and inorganic carbon levels; reductions in pH; and alterations in acid-base chemistry of estuarine, coastal, and surface open-ocean waters. On the basis of laboratory experiments and field studies of naturally elevated CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> marine environments, widespread biological impacts of human-driven ocean acidification have been posited, ranging from changes in organism physiology and population dynamics to altered communities and ecosystems. Acidification, in conjunction with other climate change–related environmental stresses, particularly under future climate change and further elevated atmospheric CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels, potentially puts at risk many of the valuable ecosystem services that the ocean provides to society, such as fisheries, aquaculture, and shoreline protection. Thisreview emphasizes both current scientific understanding and knowledge gaps, highlighting directions for future research and recognizing the information needs of policymakers and stakeholders. </jats:p>
収録刊行物
-
- Annual Review of Environment and Resources
-
Annual Review of Environment and Resources 45 (1), 83-112, 2020-10-17
Annual Reviews