Immune checkpoint blockade opens a new way to cancer immunotherapy

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  • Sanam Sadreddini
    Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
  • Behzad Baradaran
    Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
  • Ali Aghebati‐Maleki
    Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
  • Sevil Sadreddini
    Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
  • Dariush Shanehbandi
    Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
  • Ali Fotouhi
    Department of Orthopedic Surgery Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
  • Leili Aghebati‐Maleki
    Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Among the main promising systems to triggering therapeutic antitumor immunity is the blockade of immune checkpoints. Immune checkpoint pathways regulate the control and eradication of infections, malignancies, and resistance against a host of autoantigens. Initiation point of the immune response is T cells, which have a critical role in this pathway. As several immune checkpoints are initiated by ligand–receptor interactions, they can be freely blocked by antibodies or modulated by recombinant forms of ligands or receptors. Antibodies against cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) were the first immunotherapeutics that achieved the US Food and Drug Administration approval. Preliminary clinical results with the blockers of additional immune checkpoint proteins, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) indicate extensive and different chances to boost antitumor immunity with the objective of conferring permanent clinical effects. This study provides an overview of the immune checkpoint pathways, including CTLA‐4, PD‐1, lymphocyte activation gene 3, T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3, B7‐H3, and diacylglycerol kinase α and implications of their inhibition in the cancer therapy.</jats:p>

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