Lactate Transport and Exchange During Exercise

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The sections in this article are:</jats:p> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Why Does [La] Increase During Exercise?</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Muscle Hypoxia: The Traditional Hypothesis</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Evidence Against Muscle Hypoxia</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Multiple Factors</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title> Criticism of Evidence Against O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ‐limitation </jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Near‐Equilibrium Steady State: A Unifying Hypothesis?</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Summary</jats:title> </jats:sec> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>The Lactate Shuttle</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Carrier‐Mediated Lactate Transport</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Lactate Transport in Sarcolemmal Vesicles</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Lactate Transport in Isolated Cells</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Reconstitution of the Lactate Carrier</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Lactate Transport In Situ</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Summary</jats:title> </jats:sec> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Muscle as a Consumer of Lactate: Regulating Factors</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Lactate Concentration</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Metabolic Rate</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Blood Flow</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Hydrogen Ion Concentration</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Muscle Fiber Type</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Exercise Training</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Summary</jats:title> </jats:sec> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Blood Transport of Lactate</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title> Lactate Distribution between Plasma and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RBCs</jats:styled-content> </jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title> Comparative Aspects of Lactate Transport in <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">RBCs</jats:styled-content> </jats:title> </jats:sec> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Altitude</jats:title> <jats:sec> <jats:title>The Lactate Paradox</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Explanations for the Lactate Paradox</jats:title> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Summary</jats:title> </jats:sec> </jats:sec>