The Roles of the Hadley Circulation and Downward Control in Tropical Upwelling

  • Tiehan Zhou
    Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
  • Marvin A. Geller
    Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
  • Kevin Hamilton
    School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Several idealized models of tropical upwelling are presented in order to clarify the roles of the nonlinear Hadley circulation and extratropical wave driving. In particular, it is shown that the Hadley circulation and wave-driven circulation interact to determine the nature of tropical upwelling. The authors explain several observed features such as maximum upwelling in the summer subtropics and the annual variation of the upwelling.</jats:p>

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