Nucleoprotein‐enriched diet enhances protein synthesis pathway and satellite cell activation via ERK1/2 phosphorylation in unloaded rat muscles

<jats:sec><jats:title>New Findings</jats:title><jats:p><jats:list list-type="bullet"> <jats:list-item> <jats:p><jats:bold>What is the central question of this study?</jats:bold></jats:p> <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether the nucleotides in a nucleoprotein‐enriched diet could ameliorate the unloading‐associated decrease in soleus muscle mass and fibre size.</jats:p> </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:p><jats:bold>What is the main finding and its importance?</jats:bold></jats:p> <jats:p>The results indicate that the nucleotides in the nucleoprotein‐enriched diet could ameliorate the unloading‐associated decrease in type I fibre size and muscle mass, most probably owing to the activation of protein synthesis pathways and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, nucleotide supplementation appears to be an effective countermeasure for muscle atrophy.</jats:p> </jats:list-item> </jats:list></jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Hindlimb unloading decreases both the protein synthesis pathway and satellite cell activation and results in muscle atrophy. Nucleotides are included in nucleoprotein and provide the benefits of increasing extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation. ERK1/2 phosphorylation is also important in the activation of satellite cells, especially for myoblast proliferation and stimulating protein synthesis pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that nucleotides in the nucleoproteins would ameliorate muscle atrophy by increasing the protein synthesis pathways and satellite cell activation during hindlimb unloading in rat soleus muscle. Twenty‐four female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control rats fed a basal diet without nucleoprotein (CON), control rats fed a nucleoprotein‐enriched diet (CON+NP), hindlimb‐unloaded rats fed a basal diet (HU) or hindlimb‐unloaded rats fed a nucleoprotein‐enriched diet (HU+NP). HU for 2 weeks resulted in reductions in phosphorylation of p70S6K and rpS6, the numbers of myoblast determination protein (MyoD)‐ and myogenin‐ positive nuclei, type I muscle fibre size and muscle mass. Both CON+NP and HU+NP rats showed an increase in ERK1/2, phosphorylation of p70S6K and rpS6, and the numbers of MyoD‐ and myogenin‐positive nuclei compared with their basal diet groups. The NP diet also ameliorated the unloading‐associated decrease in type I muscle fibre size and muscle mass. The results indicate that the nucleotides in the nucleoprotein‐enriched diet could ameliorate the unloading‐associated decrease in type I fibre size and muscle mass, most probably owing to the activation of protein synthesis pathways and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, nucleotide supplementation appears to be an effective countermeasure for muscle atrophy.</jats:p></jats:sec>