Diving Beneath the Sea of Stellar Activity: Chromatic Radial Velocities of the Young AU Mic Planetary System
説明
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We present updated radial-velocity (RV) analyses of the AU Mic system. AU Mic is a young (22 Myr) early-M dwarf known to host two transiting planets—<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>b</jats:italic> </jats:sub> ∼ 8.46 days, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA ${R}_{b}={4.38}_{-0.18}^{+0.18}\ {R}_{\oplus }$?> </jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4.38</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.18</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.18</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mspace width="0.33em" /> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊕</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ajac2c80ieqn1.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>, <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> </jats:sub> ∼ 18.86 days, <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA ${R}_{c}={3.51}_{-0.16}^{+0.16}\ {R}_{\oplus }$?> </jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3.51</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.16</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.16</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mspace width="0.33em" /> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊕</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ajac2c80ieqn2.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. With visible RVs from Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical echelle Spectrographs (CARMENES)-VIS, CHIRON, HARPS, HIRES, M<jats:sc>inerva</jats:sc>-Australis, and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, as well as near-infrared (NIR) RVs from CARMENES-NIR, CSHELL, IRD, iSHELL, NIRSPEC, and SPIRou, we provide a 5<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> upper limit to the mass of AU Mic c of <jats:italic>M</jats:italic> <jats:sub> <jats:italic>c</jats:italic> </jats:sub> ≤ 20.13 <jats:italic>M</jats:italic> <jats:sub>⊕</jats:sub> and present a refined mass of AU Mic b of <jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math> <?CDATA ${M}_{b}={20.12}_{-1.57}^{+1.72}\ {M}_{\oplus }$?> </jats:tex-math> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>20.12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.57</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1.72</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mspace width="0.33em" /> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>⊕</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="ajac2c80ieqn3.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>. Used in our analyses is a new RV modeling toolkit to exploit the wavelength dependence of stellar activity present in our RVs via wavelength-dependent Gaussian processes. By obtaining near-simultaneous visible and near-infrared RVs, we also compute the temporal evolution of RV “color” and introduce a regressional method to aid in isolating Keplerian from stellar activity signals when modeling RVs in future works. Using a multiwavelength Gaussian process model, we demonstrate the ability to recover injected planets at 5<jats:italic>σ</jats:italic> significance with semi-amplitudes down to ≈10 m s<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with a known ephemeris, more than an order of magnitude below the stellar activity amplitude. However, we find that the accuracy of the recovered semi-amplitudes is ∼50% for such signals with our model.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- The Astronomical Journal
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The Astronomical Journal 162 (6), 295-, 2021-12-01
American Astronomical Society
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詳細情報 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360576118769663744
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- ISSN
- 15383881
- 00046256
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- データソース種別
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- KAKEN