Visualizing Element Migration over Bifunctional Metal‐Zeolite Catalysts and its Impact on Catalysis

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  • Yuhao Wang
    State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
  • Genyuan Wang
    State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
  • Lars I. van der Wal
    Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
  • Kang Cheng
    State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
  • Qinghong Zhang
    State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
  • Krijn P. de Jong
    Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science Utrecht University 3584 CG Utrecht The Netherlands
  • Ye Wang
    State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The catalytic performance of composite catalysts is not only affected by the physicochemical properties of each component, but also the proximity and interaction between them. Herein, we employ four representative oxides (In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, ZnO, Cr<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>, and ZrO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) to combine with H‐ZSM‐5 for the hydrogenation of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> to hydrocarbons directed by methanol intermediate and clarify the correlation between metal migration and the catalytic performance. The migration of metals to zeolite driven by the harsh reaction conditions can be visualized by electron microscopy, meanwhile, the change of zeolite acidity is also carefully characterized. The protonic sites of H‐ZSM‐5 are neutralized by mobile indium and zinc species via a solid ion‐exchange mechanism, resulting in a drastic decrease of C<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> hydrocarbon products over In<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/H‐ZSM‐5 and ZnO/H‐ZSM‐5. While, the thermomigration ability of chromium and zirconium species is not significant, endowing Cr<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/H‐ZSM‐5 and ZrO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>/H‐ZSM‐5 catalysts with high selectivity of C<jats:sub>2+</jats:sub> hydrocarbons.</jats:p>

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