Infestation of the non‐photosynthetic plant <i>Mitrastemon yamamotoi</i> (Ericales: Mitrastemonaceae) by <i>Assara balanophorae</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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  • Kenji Suetsugu
    Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science Kobe University Kobe Japan
  • Yutaka Yoshiyasu
    Laboratory of Applied Entomology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences Kyoto Prefectural University Kyoto Japan

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Although the majority of <jats:italic>Assara</jats:italic> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae feed on pinaceous cones, <jats:italic>Assara balanophorae</jats:italic> Sasaki & Tanaka is known to infest the infructescence of the holoparasitic plant <jats:italic>Balanophora tobiracola</jats:italic> Makino (Santalales: Balanophoraceae). Here, we report additional feeding ecology of <jats:italic>A. balanophorae</jats:italic>. We found that <jats:italic>A. balanophorae</jats:italic> larvae bored into the infructescence of the holoparasitic plant <jats:italic>Mitrastemon yamamotoi</jats:italic> Makino (Ericales: Mitrastemonaceae), pushing frass to the outside from small holes, and occasionally exited from the holes and consumed the scale leaves. Although <jats:italic>Mitrastemon</jats:italic> is distantly related to <jats:italic>Balanophora</jats:italic> at the order level, both plants could present a similar resource for <jats:italic>A. balanophorae</jats:italic>, due to their convergent holoparasitic characteristics. Given that <jats:italic>A. balanophorae</jats:italic> is considered as the brood‐site pollinator of <jats:italic>Balanophora</jats:italic>, rather than only parasitizing it, the morphological and ecological similarities between <jats:italic>M. yamamotoi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Balanophora</jats:italic> might suggest that the relationship between <jats:italic>M. yamamotoi</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. balanophorae</jats:italic> is also brood‐site pollination mutualism.</jats:p>

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