Menthol-induced bleaching rapidly and effectively provides experimental aposymbiotic sea anemones (<i>Aiptasia</i>sp.) for symbiosis investigations

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  • Jennifer L. Matthews
    School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
  • Ashley E. Sproles
    School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
  • Clinton A. Oakley
    School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
  • Arthur R. Grossman
    Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305, United States
  • Virginia M. Weis
    Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
  • Simon K. Davy
    School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand

説明

<jats:p>Experimental manipulation of the symbiosis between cnidarians and photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) is critical to advance understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in host–symbiont interactions, and overall coral reef ecology. The anemone Aiptasia sp. is a model for the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, and notably it can be rendered aposymbiotic (i.e. dinoflagellate-free) and re-infected with a range of Symbiodinium types. Various methods exist for generating aposymbiotic hosts, however they can be hugely time-consuming and not wholly effective. Here, we optimise a method using menthol for production of aposymbiotic Aiptasia. The menthol treatment produced aposymbiotic hosts within just four weeks (97–100% symbiont loss), which was maintained long after treatment when anemones were held under a standard light/dark cycle. The ability of Aiptasia to form a stable symbiosis appeared unaffected by menthol exposure, as demonstrated by successful symbiosis re-establishment when experimentally re-infected. Furthermore, there was no significant impact on photosynthetic or respiratory performance of re-infected anemones.</jats:p>

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