New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others

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  • Michele Protti
    Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab) Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
  • Roberto Mandrioli
    Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi) Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Rimini Italy
  • Camilla Marasca
    Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab) Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
  • Andrea Cavalli
    Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab) Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
  • Alessandro Serretti
    Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM) Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
  • Laura Mercolini
    Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab) Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>After the development of “classical” tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors, numerous other classes of antidepressant drugs have been introduced onto the market. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class is the best‐known one, but many others exist, usually identified by their mechanism of activity. In this second part of the review, focused on new‐generation antidepressants not included among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the following classes are considered: noradrenergic and selective serotonergic antidepressants; norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; melatonergic agonists and selective serotonergic antagonists; norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors; and so forth. These different mechanisms underlie tolerability and safety profiles that can be very different among the classes, with each one providing significant advantages and disadvantages in comparison with others. The main characteristics of the following antidepressants are described: mianserin, mirtazapine, setiptiline, reboxetine, viloxazine, teniloxazine, atomoxetine, nefazodone, agomelatine, bupropion, esketamine, and tianeptine. The paper is focused on their metabolism and interactions, but also includes brief notes on analytical methods useful for their therapeutic drug monitoring.</jats:p>

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