<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>We created three types of vessel models: vessel volume, surface, and line models from swept-source optical coherence tomography images and tested experimentally calculated three-dimensional (3D) biomarkers. The choroidal volume (CVolume), surface area (VSurface), and vessel length-associated index (VLI) were measured. The calculated 3D parameters were the mean choroidal thickness, choroidal vascularity index (CVI), vessel length density index (VLDI), vessel length to the stromal (VL–S) ratio, surface-to-volume ratio (S–V ratio), and vessel diameter index (VDI). Cluster analysis showed that the parameters were classified into two clusters: one was represented by the VVolume including the CVolume, VSurface, CVI, S–V ratio, VLI, VDI, and subfoveal choroidal thickness and the other by the VL–S ratio including the VLDI. Regarding the regional distribution, the VVolume, CVolume, VSurface, CVI, VLI, VL–S ratio, and VDI at the foveal center were higher than at the parafovea (P < 0.01). Although the VVolume decreased with age and axial length (AL) elongation, the association of the 3D parameters with age and AL elongation differed. The VLI, VLDI, VL–S ratio, and CVI decreased with age (P < 0.01) but not with AL elongation. The results suggested a structural difference in the choroidal vessel volume reduction between aging and AL elongation. The 3D parameters may provide additional information about the choroidal vasculature.</jats:p>