The Evolution of C4 Photosynthesis in <i>Flaveria</i> (Asteraceae): Insights from the <i>Flaveria linearis</i> Complex

  • Shunsuke Adachi
    Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
  • Matt Stata
    Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada
  • Duncan G Martin
    Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
  • Shifeng Cheng
    Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shenzhen 518120, China
  • Hongbing Liu
    Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Shenzhen 518120, China
  • Xin-Guang Zhu
    Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute for Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 200032 China
  • Rowan F Sage
    Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario M5S3B2, Canada

抄録

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>Flaveria is a leading model for C4 plant evolution due to the presence of a dozen C3-C4 intermediate species, many of which are associated with a phylogenetic complex centered around Flaveria linearis. To investigate C4 evolution in Flaveria, we updated the Flaveria phylogeny and evaluated gas exchange, starch δ13C, and activity of C4 cycle enzymes in 19 Flaveria species and 28 populations within the F. linearis complex. A principal component analysis identified six functional clusters: (1) C3, (2) sub-C2, (3) full C2, (4) enriched C2, (5) sub-C4, and (6) fully C4 species. The sub-C2 species lacked a functional C4 cycle, while a gradient was present in the C2 clusters from little to modest C4 cycle activity as indicated by δ13C and enzyme activities. Three Yucatan populations of F. linearis had photosynthetic CO2 compensation points equivalent to C4 plants but showed little evidence for an enhanced C4 cycle, indicating they have an optimized C2 pathway that recaptures all photorespired CO2 in the bundle sheath (BS) tissue. All C2 species had enhanced aspartate aminotransferase activity relative to C3 species and most had enhanced alanine aminotransferase activity. These aminotransferases form aspartate and alanine from glutamate and in doing so could help return photorespiratory nitrogen (N) from BS to mesophyll cells, preventing glutamate feedback onto photorespiratory N assimilation. Their use requires upregulation of parts of the C4 metabolic cycle to generate carbon skeletons to sustain N return to the mesophyll, and thus could facilitate the evolution of the full C4 photosynthetic pathway.</jats:p>

収録刊行物

  • Plant Physiology

    Plant Physiology 191 (1), 233-251, 2022-10-06

    Oxford University Press (OUP)

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