<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated the impact of the Japanese board certification system for expert surgeons (JBCSES) on complications and survival outcomes in hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The postoperative outcomes of 493 patients who underwent high‐level liver surgery involving one‐segment (OSeg) hepatectomy and more‐than‐one‐segment (MOSeg) resection were compared before and after JBCSES establishment. After the establishment of the JBCSES, the patients’ postoperative outcomes were compared using propensity score matching (PSM) to determine the influence of expert surgeons.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>The establishment of the JBCSES was associated with a decrease in the overall postoperative complication rates after high‐level liver surgery from 50.2 to 38.1% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.008) and a decrease in Clavien–Dindo class ≥ IIIb complications from 10.2 to 5.0% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.035). The 90‐day mortality rate decreased from 5.1 to 0.7% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.003), and the 5‐year survival rate increased from 51.4 to 63.9% (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.009). Using PSM, a comparison of OSeg hepatectomies that involved expert surgeons (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 48) and those that did not (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 48) showed significantly lower intraoperative blood loss in surgeries involving an expert surgeon (mean, 340 vs. 473 mL; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> = 0.033). There were no significant differences in complication rates or long‐term prognosis between these groups. A comparison of MOSeg hepatectomies that involved expert surgeons (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 26) and those that did not (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic> = 26) showed no significant difference in surgical factors, complications, or overall survival between the two groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>After establishment of the JBCSES, postoperative complication rates and mortality rates decreased and survival rates increased following liver surgery. Expert surgeon participation significantly decreased intraoperative blood loss during OSeg hepatectomies.</jats:p></jats:sec>