Glasgow prognostic score predicts survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenvatinib: a multicenter analysis

<jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective</jats:title> <jats:p>The use of Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), calculated using the serum C-reactive protein and albumin levels, to predict the outcomes of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with lenvatinib was investigated in this study.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods</jats:title> <jats:p>A total of 508 patients with Child-Pugh class A HCC treated with lenvatinib were included in this study.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results</jats:title> <jats:p>The median overall and progression-free survivals were 20.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 17.7–23.2 months] and 7.5 months (95% CI, 6.8–8.5 months), respectively. The median overall survivals of patients with a GPS of 0, 1, and 2 were 28.5, 16.0, and 9.1 months, respectively (<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001). When adjusted for age, sex, performance status, etiology, α-fetoprotein, macroscopic vascular invasion, extrahepatic spread, history of sorafenib therapy, and GPS, a GPS of 1 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.664; 95% CI, 1.258–2.201; <jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001] and a GPS of 2 (HR, 2.664; 95% CI, 1.861–3.813; <jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001) were found to be independently associated with overall survival. The median progression-free survivals of patients with a GPS of 0, 1, and 2 were 8.8, 6.8, and 3.8 months, respectively (<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001). When adjusted for the same factors of overall survival, a GPS of 2 (HR, 2.010; 95% CI, 1.452–2.784; <jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001) was found to be independently associated with progression-free survival. As the albumin–bilirubin with tumor node metastasis score increased, the proportion of patients with a GPS of 1 or 2 increased (<jats:italic toggle="yes">P</jats:italic> < 0.001).</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title> <jats:p>GPS can be used to predict survival in patients with unresectable HCC who were treated with lenvatinib.</jats:p> </jats:sec>