Hemoperitoneum from Spontaneous Bleeding of a Uterine Leiomyoma: A Case Report

  • Dimitrios Danikas
    Departments of General Surgery, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, and Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, Newark
  • Spero J.V. Theodorou
    Departments of General Surgery, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, and Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, Newark
  • John Kotrotsios
    Department of Pathology, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark
  • Charles Sills
    Department of General Surgery, Monmouth Medical Center, Long Branch, New Jersey
  • Pedro E. Cordero
    Department of General Surgery, Newark Beth Israel Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey

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<jats:p> Bleeding from uterine leiomyoma is a rare cause of hemoperitoneum. In most cases bleeding is a result of trauma or torsion. Spontaneous rupture of a superficial vein is extremely rare. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported. Our patient is a 44-year-old black woman who presented in the emergency room with acute onset of epigastric pain. Past medical and surgical history was not contributory except for a uterine “fibroid.” In the emergency room, the patient's abdomen became diffusely tender. Her pregnancy test was negative, and the abdominal ultrasound showed fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The patient became hemodynamically unstable, and there was a significant drop of the hemoglobin/hematocrit. A surgical consultation was requested, and the patient underwent exploratory laparotomy. A subserosal uterine leiomyoma was found, with an actively bleeding vein on its dome. The leiomyoma was excised and 3 liters of blood and blood clots were evacuated from the peritoneal cavity. The patient was premenopausal and had a known leiomyoma. The clinical course was similar to that of previously reported cases. Although extremely rare, when there is no history of trauma, pregnancy, or other findings, spontaneous bleeding from uterine leiomyoma should be in the differential diagnosis. Emergent surgical intervention is recommended to establish the diagnosis and stop the hemorrhage. </jats:p>

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