The Complex Interaction between the Tumor Micro-Environment and Immune Checkpoints in Breast Cancer
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- Vanessa Barriga
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
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- Nyanbol Kuol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
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- Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
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- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, Australia
説明
<jats:p>The progression of breast cancer and its association with clinical outcome and treatment remain largely unexplored. Accumulating data has highlighted the interaction between cells of the immune system and the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, and although studies have identified multiple facets of cancer progression within the development of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its constituents, there is lack of research into the associations between breast cancer subtype and staging. Current literature has provided insight into the cells and pathways associated with breast cancer progression through expression analysis. However, there is lack of co-expression studies between immune pathways and cells of the TME that form pro-tumorigenic relationships contributing to immune-evasion. We focus on the immune checkpoint and TME elements that influence cancer progression, particularly studies in molecular subtypes of breast cancer.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Cancers
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Cancers 11 (8), 1205-, 2019-08-19
MDPI AG