The Chemistry of Organic Contrast Agents in the NIR‐II Window

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  • Jing Mu
    Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
  • Ming Xiao
    Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
  • Yu Shi
    Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
  • Xuewen Geng
    Department of Biology University of Rochester Rochester NY 14627 USA
  • Hui Li
    Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
  • Yuxin Yin
    Institute of Precision Medicine Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036 China
  • Xiaoyuan Chen
    Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 119074 Singapore

説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Optical imaging, especially fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging, is a non‐invasive imaging approach with high spatial and temporal resolution and high sensitivity, compared to positron emission tomography (PET) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to the merits of imaging using the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window, like deeper penetration depth, high signal‐to‐noise ratio, high resolution, and low tissue damage, researchers have devoted great effort to developing contrast agents with NIR‐II absorption or emission. In this Review, we summarize recently developed organic luminescent and photoacoustic materials, ranging from small molecules to conjugated polymers. Then, we systematically introduce engineering strategies and describe the imaging performance classified by the skeleton cores. Finally, we elucidate the challenges and prospects of these NIR‐II organic dyes for potential clinical applications. We expect our summary can inspire researchers to expand the spectrum of NIR‐II contrast agents for diverse bioapplications.</jats:p>

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