The Dark Side of Iron: The Relationship between Iron, Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Selected Diseases Associated with Iron Deficiency Anaemia—A Narrative Review

DOI Web Site 1 Citations
  • Ida J. Malesza
    Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Jakub Winkler-Galicki
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Aleksandra Nowicka
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Dominika Dzięciołowska
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Marta Błaszczyk
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Paulina Gajniak
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Karolina Słowińska
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Leszek Niepolski
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Jarosław Walkowiak
    Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
  • Edyta Mądry
    Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland

Description

<jats:p>Iron is an indispensable nutrient for life. A lack of it leads to iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), which currently affects about 1.2 billion people worldwide. The primary means of IDA treatment is oral or parenteral iron supplementation. This can be burdened with numerous side effects such as oxidative stress, systemic and local-intestinal inflammation, dysbiosis, carcinogenic processes and gastrointestinal adverse events. Therefore, this review aimed to provide insight into the physiological mechanisms of iron management and investigate the state of knowledge of the relationship between iron supplementation, inflammatory status and changes in gut microbiota milieu in diseases typically complicated with IDA and considered as having an inflammatory background such as in inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer or obesity. Understanding the precise mechanisms critical to iron metabolism and the awareness of serious adverse effects associated with iron supplementation may lead to the provision of better IDA treatment. Well-planned research, specific to each patient category and disease, is needed to find measures and methods to optimise iron treatment and reduce adverse effects.</jats:p>

Journal

  • Nutrients

    Nutrients 14 (17), 3478-, 2022-08-24

    MDPI AG

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