In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes
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- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
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- Joanne X. Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
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- Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
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- Thais De Castro Barbosa
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
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- Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
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- Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
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- Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
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- Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
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- Ez-Zoubir Amri
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
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- Volker M. Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
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- Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
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- Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
Description
<jats:p> Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals. </jats:p>
Journal
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- American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology
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American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 320 (5), C822-C841, 2021-05-01
American Physiological Society
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Details 詳細情報について
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- CRID
- 1360580237022008064
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- ISSN
- 15221563
- 03636143
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- Data Source
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- Crossref