Non–IgE- or Mixed IgE/Non–IgE-Mediated Gastrointestinal Food Allergies in the First Years of Life: Old and New Tools for Diagnosis

DOI Web Site 1 Citations
  • Mauro Calvani
    Operative Unit of Pediatrics, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy
  • Caterina Anania
    Immunology and Allergology Unit, Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
  • Barbara Cuomo
    Operative Complex Unit of Pediatrics, Belcolle Hospital, 00100 Viterbo, Italy
  • Enza D’Auria
    Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
  • Fabio Decimo
    Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
  • Giovanni Cosimo Indirli
    Pediatric Allergology and Immunology (SIAIP) for Regions Puglia and Basilicata, 73100 Lecce, Italy
  • Gianluigi Marseglia
    Pediatric Clinic, Pediatrics Department, Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
  • Violetta Mastrorilli
    Operative Complex Unit of Pediatrics and Emergency, Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 70056 Bari, Italy
  • Marco Ugo Andrea Sartorio
    Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy
  • Angelica Santoro
    Pediatric Clinic, Mother-Child Department, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
  • Elisabetta Veronelli
    Food Allergy Committee of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP), Pediatric Department, Garbagnate Milanese Hospital, ASST Rhodense, 70056 Garbagnate Milanese, Italy

Description

<jats:p>non-IgE and mixed gastrointestinal food allergies present various specific, well-characterized clinical pictures such as food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis, food protein-induced enterocolitis and food protein-induced enteropathy syndrome as well as eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders such as eosinophilic esophagitis, allergic eosinophilic gastroenteritis and eosinophilic colitis. The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of their different clinical presentations, to suggest a correct approach to their diagnosis and to discuss the usefulness of both old and new diagnostic tools, including fecal biomarkers, atopy patch tests, endoscopy, specific IgG and IgG4 testing, allergen-specific lymphocyte stimulation test (ALST) and clinical score (CoMiss).</jats:p>

Journal

  • Nutrients

    Nutrients 13 (1), 226-, 2021-01-14

    MDPI AG

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