A new interpretation of nonpulmonary vein substrates of the left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation

  • Mariano Rillo
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Zefferino Palamà
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Raffaele Punzi
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Salvatore Vitanza
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Angelo Aloisio
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Silvia Polini
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Antonella Tucci
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Annalisa Pollastrelli
    Abbott Medica Italia srl Sesto San Giovanni (Mi) Italy
  • Francesco Zonno
    Abbott Medica Italia srl Sesto San Giovanni (Mi) Italy
  • Antonio Anastasia
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Cesare Franco Giannattasio
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy
  • Luigi My
    Arrhythmology Service Division of Cardiology ‐ Casa di Cura Villa Verde Taranto Italy

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Substrate analysis of the left atrium in patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation has limitations when performed by means of simple bipolar acquisition.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective</jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the incidence of low‐voltage zones (LVZs) through maps constructed by means of various catheters: multipolar (MC), omnipolar (OC), and circular catheters (CMCs) with the 3D electro‐anatomical systems (3d‐S) CARTO3 and EnSite Precision.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>To assess LVZs, we acquired maps by means of CMC and MC in the voltage range 0.05‐0.5 mV in 70 consecutive patients in sinus rhythm. In the case of OC only, we made an intra‐patient comparison of bipolar maps constructed by means of the along and across, and HD‐Wave configurations of the EnSite 3d‐S in the ranges of 0.05‐0.5 and 0.5‐1.0 mV. On the basis of this comparison, we chose the range that best identified LVZs as a set of different colors (SDC) compatible with patchy fibrosis (qualitative analysis). Subsequently, we detected the voltage values corresponding to purple and gray points, close to SDC, and the value inside corresponding to blue, green, and red colors, and we evaluated the color change in other voltage ranges. Finally, we performed a quantitative analysis of LVZs by applying the qualitative characteristics described above.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>On the basis of our settings, for OC, the optimal range identifying LVZs was 0.3‐0.6 mV. OC revealed smaller LVZs than MC (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < .05 or <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < .001), except in the lateral wall. No significant differences were observed between CMCs.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>In our experience, OC does not present the limits of bipolar HD maps, though further studies are needed in order to confirm that 0.3‐0.6 mV is the optimal voltage range within which to identify LVZs.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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