Electron‐Beam‐Evaporated Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers for Perovskite‐Based Photovoltaics

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  • Tobias Abzieher
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Somayeh Moghadamzadeh
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Fabian Schackmar
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Helge Eggers
    InnovationLab GmbH Speyerer Strasse 4 69115 Heidelberg Germany
  • Florian Sutterlüti
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Amjad Farooq
    Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
  • Danny Kojda
    Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
  • Klaus Habicht
    Helmholtz‐Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Hahn‐Meitner‐Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
  • Raphael Schmager
    Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
  • Adrian Mertens
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Raheleh Azmi
    Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
  • Lukas Klohr
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Jonas A. Schwenzer
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Michael Hetterich
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Uli Lemmer
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Bryce S. Richards
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Michael Powalla
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
  • Ulrich W. Paetzold
    Light Technology Institute (LTI) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 13 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

書誌事項

公開日
2019-02-04
権利情報
  • http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor
DOI
  • 10.1002/aenm.201802995
公開者
Wiley

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説明

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>High‐quality charge carrier transport materials are of key importance for stable and efficient perovskite‐based photovoltaics. This work reports on electron‐beam‐evaporated nickel oxide (NiO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic>) layers, resulting in stable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 18.5% when integrated into solar cells employing inkjet‐printed perovskite absorbers. By adding oxygen as a process gas and optimizing the layer thickness, transparent and efficient NiO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic> hole transport layers (HTLs) are fabricated, exhibiting an average absorptance of only 1%. The versatility of the material is demonstrated for different absorber compositions and deposition techniques. As another highlight of this work, all‐evaporated perovskite solar cells employing an inorganic NiO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic> HTL are presented, achieving stable PCEs of up to 15.4%. Along with good PCEs, devices with electron‐beam‐evaporated NiO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic> show improved stability under realistic operating conditions with negligible degradation after 40 h of maximum power point tracking at 75 °C. Additionally, a strong improvement in device stability under ultraviolet radiation is found if compared to conventional perovskite solar cell architectures employing other metal oxide charge transport layers (e.g., titanium dioxide). Finally, an all‐evaporated perovskite solar mini‐module with a NiO<jats:italic><jats:sub>x</jats:sub></jats:italic> HTL is presented, reaching a PCE of 12.4% on an active device area of 2.3 cm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>.</jats:p>

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