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Galls and the evolution of social behaviour in aphids
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- P A Northcott
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
Description
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>In several aphid species there is a soldier caste that actively defends the aphid colony. All the aphids that produce soldiers belong to species that induce galls on their host plants. Gall formation and soldier production arc restricted to two of the families within the Aphidoidea-the Hormaphididae and the Pemphigidac. Information about the behaviour of the species (approximately 30) in which soldiers have been described is summarized. The paper examines how living in a gall might affect the social organization of aphids and increase the likelihood of the production of soldiers and the evolution of cooperation. The argument is proposed that the gall is important in providing a resource that can be readily defended and kept clean. In addition, the gall is important in providing a ring-fence around the clones, increasing the likelihood that aphids are related to their close neighbours. Soldier production might be encouraged in those galls that arc relatively long lived.</jats:p>
Journal
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- Plant Galls
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Plant Galls 161-182, 1994-10-06
Oxford University PressOxford
