Role of the fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus in face perception and recognition: An empirical review

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>This paper reviews neuroimaging studies that investigated the brain activation involved in face perception and recognition, with a particular focus on activity measured in the fusiform gyrus and superior temporal sulcus (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">STS</jats:styled-content>). Several lines of evidence suggest that a localized area in the fusiform gyrus (i.e., the fusiform face area; <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">FFA</jats:styled-content>) is specialized for face processing; however, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">FFA</jats:styled-content> activity is significantly modulated by the attention level of individuals and by the contextual information of stimuli. It is speculated that intensity differences between the eye region and other face areas may influence face‐recognition performance, indicating that the eye region plays a critical role in person identification. Moreover, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">STS</jats:styled-content> activity is involved in the processing of eye gaze, expression, and speech production. A unique aspect of these stimuli is that the subject automatically expects their motion on presentation. Thus, <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">STS</jats:styled-content> activity may function to send facial information for further cognitive processing in response to perceived biological motion in the surrounding environment. The neuroimaging literature indicates the functional significance of both <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">FFA</jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">STS</jats:styled-content> in face processing; however, the evidence for neural connectivity between the regions is limited, which suggests that these two sites play mutually independent roles in face perception and recognition.</jats:p>

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