Low-noise microwave SQUID multiplexed readout of 38 x-ray transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

  • Y. Nakashima
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • F. Hirayama
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • S. Kohjiro
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • H. Yamamori
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • S. Nagasawa
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • A. Sato
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • S. Yamada
    Rikkyo University 3 , 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
  • R. Hayakawa
    National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1 , 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
  • N. Y. Yamasaki
    Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA) 2 , 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
  • K. Mitsuda
    Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA) 2 , 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
  • K. Nagayoshi
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • H. Akamatsu
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • L. Gottardi
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • E. Taralli
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • M. P. Bruijn
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • M. L. Ridder
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • J. R. Gao
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
  • J. W. A. den Herder
    Netherlands Institute for Space Research (NWO-I/SRON) 5 , Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands

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<jats:p>We report very-low-noise, fast-response, middle-scale multiplexing in a microwave superconducting quantum interference device multiplexer (MW-Mux) as a transition-edge sensor (TES) readout. Our MW-Mux is able to read 40 channels with 500 kHz sampling and has a low readout noise of 0.9 μΦ0/Hz (where Φ0 is the magnetic flux quantum), equivalent to 9 pA/Hz. By contrast, a multiplexer of less than 10 pixels with 500 kHz sampling and ∼2 μΦ0/Hz readout noise has so far been reported in the literature. Owing to the 500 kHz sampling, our MW-Mux exhibits a fast response to detect a TES pulse with a rise time around 12 μs. We demonstrated simultaneous readout of 38 pixels from an array of x-ray TES microcalorimeters. The measured full-width values at half-maximum spectral resolution ranged from 2.79 to 4.56 eV, with a median value of 3.30 eV at 5.9 keV, including a ∼10% contribution of readout noise, i.e., 0.9–1.7 eV.</jats:p>

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