Interferometric Measurement of Ultrasonic Velocity in Liquids—Effect of Diffraction

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<jats:p>The effect of diffraction on Sound-velocity measurements in liquids was studied in the low frequency range, 0.6 to 3.0 MHz, using a single-crystal interferometer. The excess velocity ΔC over the plane-wave velocity C was found to follow the relation ΔC/C = 3.2λ32/2π2dD12 where λ is the wavelength, d the beam diameter, and D is the distance from the source at which measurements were made. The diffraction effects are 3.2 times the values envisaged theoretically [from Bass and Williams cited in H. J. McSkimin, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 33, 539 (L) (1961)].</jats:p>

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