Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy After Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

  • Luigi Di Biase
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Luis Carlos Saenz
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • David J. Burkhardt
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Miguel Vacca
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Claude S. Elayi
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Conor D. Barrett
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Rodney Horton
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Rong Bai
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Alan Siu
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Tamer S. Fahmy
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Dimpi Patel
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Luciana Armaganijan
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Chia Tung Wu
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Sonne Kai
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Ching Keong Ching
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Karen Phillips
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Robert A. Schweikert
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Jennifer E. Cummings
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Mauricio Arruda
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Walid I. Saliba
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Milan Dodig
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.
  • Andrea Natale
    From the Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St David’s Medical Center (L.D.B., D.J.B., R.H., A.N.), Austin, Tex; the Department of Cardiology (L.D.B.), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; the Cleveland Clinic (L.D.B., C.S.E., C.D.B., R.B., A.S., T.S.F., D.P., L.A., C.T.W., S.K., C.K.C., K.P., R.A.S., J.E.C., M.A., W.I.S., M.D.), Cleveland, Ohio; Stanford University (A.N.), Palo Alto, Calif; and the Fundation Cardio Infantil (L.C.S., M.V.), Bogota, Colombia.

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タイトル別名
  • Documented Higher Risk of Luminal Esophageal Damage With General Anesthesia as Compared With Conscious Sedation

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<jats:p> <jats:bold> <jats:italic>Background—</jats:italic> </jats:bold> Left atrioesophageal fistula is a rare but devastating complication that may occur after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. We used capsule endoscopy to assess esophageal injury after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in a population randomized to undergo general anesthesia or conscious sedation. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold> <jats:italic>Methods and Results—</jats:italic> </jats:bold> Fifty patients undergoing atrial fibrillation ablation for paroxysmal symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs were enrolled and randomized, including those undergoing the procedure under general anesthesia (25 patients, group 1) and those receiving conscious sedation with fentanyl or midazolam (25 patients, group 2). All patients underwent esophageal temperature monitoring during the procedure. The day after ablation, all patients had capsule endoscopy to assess the presence of endoluminal tissue damage of the esophagus. We observed esophageal tissue damage in 12 (48%) patients of group 1 and 1 esophageal tissue damage in a single patient (4%) of group 2 ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <0.001). The maximal esophageal temperature was significantly higher in patients undergoing general anesthesia (group 1) versus patients undergoing conscious sedation (group 2) (40.6�1�C versus 39.6�0.8�C; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> < 0.003). The time to peak temperature was 9�7 seconds in group 1 and 21�9 seconds in group 2, and this difference was statistically significant ( <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> <0.001). No complication occurred during or after the administration of the pill cam or during the procedures. All esophageal lesions normalized at the 2-month repeat endoscopic examination. </jats:p> <jats:p> <jats:bold> <jats:italic>Conclusion—</jats:italic> </jats:bold> The use of general anesthesia increases the risk of esophageal damage detected by capsule endoscopy. </jats:p>

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