Overview of the MOSAiC expedition: Physical oceanography

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  • Benjamin Rabe
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Céline Heuzé
    2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Julia Regnery
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Yevgeny Aksenov
    3Marine Systems Modelling, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
  • Jacob Allerholt
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Marylou Athanase
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Youcheng Bai
    4Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
  • Chris Basque
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Dorothea Bauch
    7Leibniz Laboratory, University of Kiel (CAU), Kiel, Germany
  • Till M. Baumann
    8Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • Dake Chen
    10State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
  • Sylvia T. Cole
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Lisa Craw
    13Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
  • Andrew Davies
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Ellen Damm
    14Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany
  • Klaus Dethloff
    14Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany
  • Dmitry V. Divine
    15Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Francesca Doglioni
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Falk Ebert
    16Herder-Gymnasium, Berlin, Germany
  • Ying-Chih Fang
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Ilker Fer
    8Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • Allison A. Fong
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Rolf Gradinger
    18UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • Mats A. Granskog
    15Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Rainer Graupner
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Christian Haas
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Hailun He
    4Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
  • Yan He
    20First Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
  • Mario Hoppmann
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Markus Janout
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • David Kadko
    23Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
  • Torsten Kanzow
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Salar Karam
    2Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Yusuke Kawaguchi
    24Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
  • Zoe Koenig
    8Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • Bin Kong
    20First Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
  • Richard A. Krishfield
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Thomas Krumpen
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • David Kuhlmey
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Ivan Kuznetsov
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Musheng Lan
    25Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
  • Georgi Laukert
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Ruibo Lei
    25Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China
  • Tao Li
    26Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  • Sinhué Torres-Valdés
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Lina Lin
    20First Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
  • Long Lin
    4Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
  • Hailong Liu
    12School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • Na Liu
    20First Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
  • Brice Loose
    28College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
  • Xiaobing Ma
    20First Institute of Oceanography, Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
  • Rosalie McKay
    18UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
  • Maria Mallet
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Robbie D. C. Mallett
    29Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
  • Wieslaw Maslowski
    30The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
  • Christian Mertens
    19Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
  • Volker Mohrholz
    31Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Dept. Earth Sciences, UCL, London, UK
  • Morven Muilwijk
    8Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  • Marcel Nicolaus
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Jeffrey K. O’Brien
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Donald Perovich
    32Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA
  • Jian Ren
    4Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
  • Markus Rex
    14Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany
  • Natalia Ribeiro
    13Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
  • Annette Rinke
    14Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany
  • Janin Schaffer
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Ingo Schuffenhauer
    31Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Dept. Earth Sciences, UCL, London, UK
  • Kirstin Schulz
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Matthew D. Shupe
    34Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
  • William Shaw
    30The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
  • Vladimir Sokolov
    36Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
  • Anja Sommerfeld
    14Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Potsdam, Germany
  • Gunnar Spreen
    19Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
  • Timothy Stanton
    30The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
  • Mark Stephens
    23Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
  • Jie Su
    26Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  • Natalia Sukhikh
    19Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
  • Arild Sundfjord
    15Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway
  • Karolin Thomisch
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Sandra Tippenhauer
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • John M. Toole
    6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
  • Myriel Vredenborg
    1Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
  • Maren Walter
    19Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
  • Hangzhou Wang
    39Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA
  • Lei Wang
    40MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
  • Yuntao Wang
    4Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
  • Manfred Wendisch
    41Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
  • Jinping Zhao
    26Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
  • Meng Zhou
    12School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
  • Jialiang Zhu
    26Ocean Frontier Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

説明

<jats:p>Arctic Ocean properties and processes are highly relevant to the regional and global coupled climate system, yet still scarcely observed, especially in winter. Team OCEAN conducted a full year of physical oceanography observations as part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), a drift with the Arctic sea ice from October 2019 to September 2020. An international team designed and implemented the program to characterize the Arctic Ocean system in unprecedented detail, from the seafloor to the air-sea ice-ocean interface, from sub-mesoscales to pan-Arctic. The oceanographic measurements were coordinated with the other teams to explore the ocean physics and linkages to the climate and ecosystem. This paper introduces the major components of the physical oceanography program and complements the other team overviews of the MOSAiC observational program. Team OCEAN’s sampling strategy was designed around hydrographic ship-, ice- and autonomous platform-based measurements to improve the understanding of regional circulation and mixing processes. Measurements were carried out both routinely, with a regular schedule, and in response to storms or opening leads. Here we present along-drift time series of hydrographic properties, allowing insights into the seasonal and regional evolution of the water column from winter in the Laptev Sea to early summer in Fram Strait: freshening of the surface, deepening of the mixed layer, increase in temperature and salinity of the Atlantic Water. We also highlight the presence of Canada Basin deep water intrusions and a surface meltwater layer in leads. MOSAiC most likely was the most comprehensive program ever conducted over the ice-covered Arctic Ocean. While data analysis and interpretation are ongoing, the acquired datasets will support a wide range of physical oceanography and multi-disciplinary research. They will provide a significant foundation for assessing and advancing modeling capabilities in the Arctic Ocean.</jats:p>

収録刊行物

  • Elem Sci Anth

    Elem Sci Anth 10 (1), 2022

    University of California Press

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