First report of the ambrosia beetle <i>Xylosandrus compactus</i> and associated fungi in the Mediterranean maquis in Italy, and new host–pest associations

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  • A. Vannini
    DIBAF, University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)
  • M. Contarini
    DAFNE, Universiy of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)
  • M. Faccoli
    DAFNAE, University of Padua Viale dell'Università 16 35020 Legnaro (Italy)
  • M. Dalla Valle
    DIBAF, University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)
  • C. M. Rodriguez
    DIBAF, University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)
  • T. Mazzetto
    DIBAF, University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)
  • D. Guarneri
    Biodiversity and Ecological Network Services, Circeo National Park Via Carlo Alberto 188 04016 Sabaudia (Italy)
  • A. M. Vettraino
    DIBAF, University of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)
  • S. Speranza
    DAFNE, Universiy of Tuscia Via S. Camillo de Lellis 01100 Viterbo (Italy)

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<jats:p>In September 2016, a survey conducted in the Circeo National Park revealed an outbreak and serious damage caused by the black twig borer (<jats:italic>Xylosandrus compactus</jats:italic>) and its associated fungi in the Mediterranean maquis. Among the affected hosts, <jats:italic>Quercus ilex</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Viburnum tinus</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Ruscus aculeatus</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Pistacia lentiscus</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Laurus nobilis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ceratonia siliqua</jats:italic>, showed flagging and wilting of branches and, in younger individuals, the death of the whole plant occurred. In total, 18 different fungal taxa were found associated with the insect. These included <jats:italic>Ambrosiella xylebori</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Geosmithia pallida</jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Fusarium</jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Epicoccum nigrum</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bionectria</jats:italic> sp. This is the first report in Europe of <jats:italic>X. compactus</jats:italic> and associated ambrosia fungi in a natural environment.</jats:p>

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