Bacillus fungorum sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from spent mushroom substrate

<jats:p>A facultatively anaerobic, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="genus"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4857" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> strain, 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, isolated from spent mushroom substrate in the Fangshan District, Beijing, PR China, was initially identified as a <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4885" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus cereus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> group species based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strain 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> had the highest sequence similarities to <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.29222" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus wiedmannii</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> FSL W8-0169<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (99.9 %), <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.30531" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus albus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> N35-10-2<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (99.9 %), <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.30533" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus luti</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> TD41<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (99.9 %) and <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="species"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.30534" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus proteolyticus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> TD42<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (99.9 %). However, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) values between strain 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> and the most closely related species were less than the previously proposed cut-off values of 96 % (ANI) and 70 % (DDH) for differentiating species within the genus, suggesting that this strain represents a novel <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="genus"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4857" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> group species. The fatty acid profile of strain 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup>, which showed a predominance of iso-C<jats:sub>15 : 0</jats:sub> and anteiso-C<jats:sub>15 : 0</jats:sub>, supported the allocation of the strain to the genus <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="genus"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4857" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic>. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7 (100%). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl glycerol, an unidentified aminophospholiped and unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 35.0 mol%. The results of physiological and biochemical tests also allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> from the most closely related recognized species. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> represents a novel <jats:italic> <jats:named-content content-type="genus"> <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://doi.org/10.1601/nm.4857" xlink:type="simple">Bacillus</jats:ext-link> </jats:named-content> </jats:italic> species, for which the name <jats:italic>Bacillus fungorum</jats:italic> sp. nov. is proposed. Type strain of the novel species is 17-SMS-01<jats:sup>T</jats:sup> (=MCCC 1K03 ...