Parkinson's disease biomarkers: perspective from the NINDS Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program

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  • Katrina Gwinn
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Karen K David
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Christine Swanson-Fischer
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Roger Albin
    Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, UM Udall Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
  • Coryse St Hillaire-Clarke
    National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Beth-Anne Sieber
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Codrin Lungu
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • F DuBois Bowman
    Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
  • Roy N Alcalay
    Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
  • Debra Babcock
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • Ted M Dawson
    Neuroregeneration & Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Solomon H Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
  • Richard B Dewey
    Department of Neurology & Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • Tatiana Foroud
    Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
  • Dwight German
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
  • Xuemei Huang
    Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
  • Vlad Petyuk
    Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
  • Judith A Potashkin
    Department of Cellular & Molecular Pharmacology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine & Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
  • Rachel Saunders-Pullman
    Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel & Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
  • Margaret Sutherland
    National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
  • David R Walt
    Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
  • Andrew B West
    Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
  • Jing Zhang
    Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
  • Alice Chen-Plotkin
    Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Clemens R Scherzer
    Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA, USA
  • David E Vaillancourt
    Departments of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
  • Liana S Rosenthal
    Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

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<jats:p> Biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis, prognostication and clinical trial cohort selection are an urgent need. While many promising markers have been discovered through the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Program (PDBP) and other mechanisms, no single PD marker or set of markers are ready for clinical use. Here we discuss the current state of biomarker discovery for platforms relevant to PDBP. We discuss the role of the PDBP in PD biomarker identification and present guidelines to facilitate their development. These guidelines include: harmonizing procedures for biofluid acquisition and clinical assessments, replication of the most promising biomarkers, support and encouragement of publications that report negative findings, longitudinal follow-up of current cohorts including the PDBP, testing of wearable technologies to capture readouts between study visits and development of recently diagnosed (de novo) cohorts to foster identification of the earliest markers of disease onset. </jats:p>

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