Fast diversification through a mosaic of evolutionary histories characterizes the endemic flora of ancient Neotropical mountains
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- Thais N. C. Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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- Suzana Alcantara
- Laboratório de Sistemática de Plantas Vasculares, Departmento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-090, Brazil
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- Caroline O. Andrino
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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- Félix Forest
- Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK
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- Marcelo Reginato
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90650-001, Brazil
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- Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil
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- José R. Pirani
- Laboratório de Sistemática Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
説明
<jats:p>Mountains are among the most biodiverse areas on the globe. In young mountain ranges, exceptional plant species richness is often associated with recent and rapid radiations linked to the mountain uplift itself. In ancient mountains, however, orogeny vastly precedes the evolution of vascular plants, so species richness has been explained by species accumulation during long periods of low extinction rates. Here we evaluate these assumptions by analysing plant diversification dynamics in the<jats:italic>campo rupestre</jats:italic>, an ecosystem associated with pre-Cambrian mountaintops and highlands of eastern South America, areas where plant species richness and endemism are among the highest in the world. Analyses of 15 angiosperm clades show that radiations of endemics exhibit fastest rates of diversification during the last 5 Myr, a climatically unstable period. However, results from ancestral range estimations using different models disagree on the age of the earliest<jats:italic>in situ</jats:italic>speciation events and point to a complex floristic assembly. There is a general trend for higher diversification rates associated with these areas, but endemism may also increase or reduce extinction rates, depending on the group. Montane habitats, regardless of their geological age, may lead to boosts in speciation rates by accelerating population isolation in archipelago-like systems, circumstances that can also result in higher extinction rates and fast species turnover, misleading the age estimates of endemic lineages.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
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Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287 (1923), 20192933-, 2020-03-18
The Royal Society