Entering neurons: botulinum toxins and synaptic vesicle recycling

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  • Claudia Verderio
    Department of Pharmacology and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano Via Vanvitelli 32 20129 Milano Italy
  • Ornella Rossetto
    Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova Via G. Colombo 3 35121 Padova Italy
  • Carlotta Grumelli
    Department of Pharmacology and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano Via Vanvitelli 32 20129 Milano Italy
  • Carolina Frassoni
    Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano Italy
  • Cesare Montecucco
    Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università di Padova Via G. Colombo 3 35121 Padova Italy
  • Michela Matteoli
    Department of Pharmacology and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano Via Vanvitelli 32 20129 Milano Italy

Description

<jats:p>Botulinum toxins are metalloproteases that act inside nerve terminals and block neurotransmitter release through their cleavage of components of the exocytosis machinery. These toxins are used to treat human diseases that are characterized by hyperfunction of cholinergic terminals. Recently, evidence has accumulated that gangliosides and synaptic vesicle proteins cooperate to mediate toxin binding to the presynaptic terminal. The differential distribution of synaptic vesicle protein receptors, gangliosides and toxin substrates in distinct neuronal populations opens up the possibility of using different serotypes of botulinum toxins for the treatment of central nervous system diseases caused by altered activity of selected neuronal populations.</jats:p>

Journal

  • EMBO reports

    EMBO reports 7 (10), 995-999, 2006-08

    Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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