<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Seropositivity and Childhood Neurodevelopment, the Rhea Birth Cohort in Crete, Greece

  • Marianna Karachaliou
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Leda Chatzi
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Angelika Michel
    Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Department Infection and Cancer Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
  • Andriani Kyriklaki
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Mariza Kampouri
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Katerina Koutra
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Theano Roumeliotaki
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Georgia Chalkiadaki
    Department of Social Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Crete Heraklion Greece
  • Eftichia Stiakaki
    Department of Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology University Hospital of Heraklion Heraklion Greece
  • Michael Pawlita
    Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Department Infection and Cancer Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
  • Tim Waterboer
    Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections Department Infection and Cancer Programme German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
  • Manolis Kogevinas
    Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona Barcelona Catalunya Spain
  • Silvia de Sanjose
    Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Madrid Spain

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Limited evidence exists on the association between exposure to <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori</jats:italic> infection early in life, including fetal life, and neurodevelopment in childhood.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>We used prospective data on 352 mother–child pairs and cross‐sectional data on 674 children to assess the association of maternal and child's <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> seropositivity correspondingly on child's neurodevelopment at age four in the Rhea birth cohort in Crete, Greece. Blood levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies to 12 <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> proteins were measured using multiplex serology. Child's neurodevelopment at age four was assessed using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities. Linear regression models were used to explore the associations after adjusting for potential confounders.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori</jats:italic> seroprevalence (95% CI) in cord blood, representing maternal status, was 41.5% (36.3%, 46.8%) and in 4 years old children was 6.5% (95% CI 4.8%, 8.7%). Children of <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> seropositive mothers had lower score in the general cognitive (−3.87, 95% CI −7.02, −0.72), verbal (−2.96, 95% CI −6.08, 0.15), perceptual performance (−3.37, 95% CI −6.60, −0.15), quantitative (−2.85, 95% CI −6.28, 0.58), and memory scale (−3.37, 95% CI −6.67, −0.07) compared to those of seronegative mothers. Seropositivity in cord blood specifically to GroEl and NapA – two of the 12 <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> proteins investigated – was associated with lower scores in almost all scales. At age four, <jats:italic>H. pylori</jats:italic> seropositive children performed worst in neurodevelopment assessment compared to their seronegative counterparts although no association reached statistically significant level.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori</jats:italic> infection in early life may be an important but preventable risk factor for poor neurodevelopment.</jats:p></jats:sec>

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