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- Katie L. Flanagan
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800;,
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- Ashley L. Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;,
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- Magdalena Plebanski
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 3800;,
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- Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;,
説明
<jats:p>Both sex (i.e., biological differences) and gender (i.e., social or cultural influences) impact vaccine acceptance, responses, and outcomes. Clinical data illustrate that among children, young adults, and aged individuals, males and females differ in vaccine-induced immune responses, adverse events, and protection. Although males are more likely to receive vaccines, following vaccination, females typically develop higher antibody responses and report more adverse effects of vaccination than do males. Human, nonhuman animal, and in vitro studies reveal numerous immunological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors that differ between males and females and contribute to sex- and gender-specific vaccine responses and outcomes. Herein, we address the impact of sex and gender variables that should be considered in preclinical and clinical studies of vaccines.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
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- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
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Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 33 (1), 577-599, 2017-10-06
Annual Reviews
