Integrating Personality Structure, Personality Process, and Personality Development

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  • Anna Baumert
    Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany
  • Manfred Schmitt
    Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
  • Marco Perugini
    Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
  • Wendy Johnson
    Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, UK
  • Gabriela Blum
    Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
  • Peter Borkenau
    Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
  • Giulio Costantini
    Department of Psychology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Italy
  • Jaap J. A. Denissen
    Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
  • William Fleeson
    Wake Forest University, USA
  • Ben Grafton
    Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia
  • Eranda Jayawickreme
    Wake Forest University, USA
  • Elena Kurzius
    Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
  • Colin MacLeod
    Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Australia
  • Lynn C. Miller
    Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism and Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA
  • Stephen J. Read
    Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, USA
  • Brent Roberts
    Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, USA
  • Michael D. Robinson
    Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, USA
  • Dustin Wood
    Department of Management, University of Alabama, USA
  • Cornelia Wrzus
    Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany

説明

<jats:p> In this target article, we argue that personality processes, personality structure, and personality development have to be understood and investigated in integrated ways in order to provide comprehensive responses to the key questions of personality psychology. The psychological processes and mechanisms that explain concrete behaviour in concrete situations should provide explanation for patterns of variation across situations and individuals, for development over time as well as for structures observed in intra–individual and inter–individual differences. Personality structures, defined as patterns of covariation in behaviour, including thoughts and feelings, are results of those processes in transaction with situational affordances and regularities. It cannot be presupposed that processes are organized in ways that directly correspond to the observed structure. Rather, it is an empirical question whether shared sets of processes are uniquely involved in shaping correlated behaviours, but not uncorrelated behaviours (what we term ‘correspondence’ throughout this paper), or whether more complex interactions of processes give rise to population–level patterns of covariation (termed ‘emergence’). The paper is organized in three parts, with part I providing the main arguments, part II reviewing some of the past approaches at (partial) integration, and part III outlining conclusions of how future personality psychology should progress towards complete integration. Working definitions for the central terms are provided in the appendix. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology </jats:p>

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