Pharmacological Inhibition of Core Regulatory Circuitry Liquid–liquid Phase Separation Suppresses Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Osteosarcoma

  • Bing Lu
    Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Changye Zou
    Musculoskeletal Oncology Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Meiling Yang
    Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Yangyang He
    Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Jincan He
    Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Chuanxia Zhang
    Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Siyun Chen
    Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Jiaming Yu
    Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat‐Sen University) Ministry of Education Guangzhou 510080 China
  • Kilia Yun Liu
    Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
  • Qi Cao
    Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60611 USA
  • Wei Zhao
    Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences Guangzhou 510080 China

抄録

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Liquid–liquid phase‐separated (LLPS) transcriptional factor assemblies at super‐enhancers (SEs) provide a conceptual framework for underlying transcriptional control in mammal cells. However, the mechanistic understanding of LLPS in aberrant transcription driven by dysregulation of SEs in human malignancies is still elusive. By integrating SE profiling and core regulatory circuitry (CRC) calling algorithm, the CRC of metastatic and chemo‐resistant osteosarcoma is delineated. CRC components, HOXB8 and FOSL1, produce dense and dynamic phase‐separated droplets in vitro and liquid‐like puncta in cell nuclei. Disruption of CRC phase separation decreases the chromatin accessibility in SE regions and inhibits the release of RNA polymerase II from the promoter of SE‐driven genes. Importantly, absence of CRC key component causes a reduction in osteosarcoma tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, it is shown that CRC condensates can be specifically attenuated by the H3K27 demethylase inhibitor, GSK‐J4. Pharmacological inhibition of the CRC phase separation results in metastasis suppression and re‐sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in patient‐derived xenograft model. Taken together, this study reveals a previously unknown mechanism that CRC factors formed LLPS condensates, and provides a phase separation‐based pharmacological strategy to target undruggable CRC components for the treatment of metastatic and chemo‐resistant osteosarcoma.</jats:p>

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