-
- Rasheda Khanam
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
-
- Ishaan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
-
- Opeyemi Oladapo-Shittu
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
-
- Claire Twose
- Welch Medical Library, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
-
- ASMD Ashraful Islam
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
-
- Shyam S. Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
-
- Rubhana Raqib
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
-
- Abdullah H. Baqui
- International Center for Maternal and Newborn Health, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
説明
<jats:p>Preterm birth (PTB) and its complications are the leading causes of under-five year old child deaths, accounting worldwide for an estimated one million deaths annually. The etiology of PTB is complex and multifactorial. Exposures to environmental metals or metalloids are pervasive and prenatal exposures to them are considered important in the etiology of PTB. We conducted a scoping review to determine the extent of prenatal exposures to four metals/metalloids (lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic) and their association with PTB. We reviewed original research studies published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, POPLINE and the WHO regional indexes from 2000 to 2019; 36 articles were retained for full text review. We documented a higher incidence of PTB with lead and cadmium exposures. The findings for mercury and arsenic exposures were inconclusive. Metal-induced oxidative stress in the placenta, epigenetic modification, inflammation, and endocrine disruptions are the most common pathways through which heavy metals and metalloids affect placental functions leading to PTB. Most of the studies were from the high-income countries, reflecting the need for additional data from low-middle-income countries, where PTB rates are higher and prenatal exposure to metals are likely to be just as high, if not higher.</jats:p>
収録刊行物
-
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
-
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 (2), 573-, 2021-01-12
MDPI AG