Interaction of dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota: Microbial metabolism of polyphenols, influence on the gut microbiota, and implications on host health

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  • Gizem Catalkaya
    Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey
  • Koen Venema
    Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation Faculty of Science and Engineering Maastricht University ‐ Campus Venlo Venlo The Netherlands
  • Luigi Lucini
    Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
  • Gabriele Rocchetti
    Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza Italy
  • Dominique Delmas
    INSERM Research Center U1231 Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Centre anticancéreux Georges François Leclerc Université de Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon 21000 France
  • Maria Daglia
    Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
  • Anna De Filippis
    Department of Pharmacy University of Naples Federico II Naples Italy
  • Hang Xiao
    Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA USA
  • José L. Quiles
    Department of Physiology Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology ‘‘José Mataix” Biomedical Research Centre University of Granada Granada Spain
  • Jianbo Xiao
    Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Taipa Macau
  • Esra Capanoglu
    Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Istanbul Turkey

Description

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The human gastrointestinal tract is inhabited by a vast number of microorganisms that are called as the microbiota. Each individual harbors a unique gut microbial composition, this composition evolves throughout the host's lifetime and it is easily affected by internal or external changes. It has been shown that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host's health and as this complex community has the ability to interact with each other and with the host's immune system, the presence or absence of some major species can affect the homeostasis. Diet can be considered as one of the pivotal factors in modulating the functionality, integrity, and composition of the gut microbiota as the gastrointestinal tract is the first organ exposed to components of the diet. In this review, we have focused on the effects of polyphenols, key compounds of a healthy diet with several biological activities, on the gut microbial composition, their biotransformation by the gut microbiota, and the effect of their reciprocal interactions in human health and disease.</jats:p>

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