Biosignal processing methods to explore the effects of side-dominance on patterns of bi- and unilateral standing stability in healthy young adults

<jats:p>We examined the effects of side-dominance on the laterality of standing stability using ground reaction force, motion capture (<jats:italic>MoCap</jats:italic>), and<jats:italic>EMG</jats:italic>data in healthy young adults. We recruited participants with strong right (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>= 15) and left (<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>= 9) hand and leg dominance (side-dominance). They stood on one or two legs on a pair of synchronized force platforms for 50 s with 60 s rest between three randomized stance trials. In addition to 23<jats:italic>CoP</jats:italic>-related variables, we also computed six<jats:italic>MoCap</jats:italic>variables representing each lower-limb joint motion time series. Moreover, 39 time- and frequency-domain features of<jats:italic>EMG</jats:italic>data from five muscles in three muscle groups were analyzed. Data from the multitude of biosignals converged and revealed concordant patterns: no differences occurred between left- and right-side dominant participants in kinetic, kinematic, or<jats:italic>EMG</jats:italic>outcomes during bipedal stance. Regarding single leg stance, larger knee but lower ankle joint kinematic values appeared in left vs right-sided participants during non-dominant stance. Left-vs right-sided participants also had lower medial gastrocnemius<jats:italic>EMG</jats:italic>activation during non-dominant stance. While right-side dominant participants always produced larger values for kinematic data of ankle joint and medial gastrocnemius<jats:italic>EMG</jats:italic>activation during non-dominant vs dominant unilateral stance, this pattern was the opposite for left-sided participants, showing larger values when standing on their dominant vs non-dominant leg, i.e., participants had a more stable balance when standing on their right leg. Our results suggest that side-dominance affects biomechanical and neuromuscular control strategies during unilateral standing.</jats:p>