Rapid X-ray variability in Mkn 421 during a multiwavelength campaign

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  • Alex G Markowitz
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warszawa, Poland
  • Krzysztof Nalewajko
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warszawa, Poland
  • Gopal Bhatta
    Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Kraków, Poland
  • Gulab C Dewangan
    Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
  • Sunil Chandra
    Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
  • Daniela Dorner
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Bernd Schleicher
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Urszula Pajdosz-Śmierciak
    Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, PL-30-244 Kraków, Poland
  • Łukasz Stawarz
    Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, PL-30-244 Kraków, Poland
  • Staszek Zola
    Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, PL-30-244 Kraków, Poland
  • Michał Ostrowski
    Astronomical Observatory of the Jagiellonian University, ul. Orla 171, PL-30-244 Kraków, Poland
  • Daniele Carosati
    EPT Observatories, Tijarafe, E-38780 La Palma, Spain
  • Saikruba Krishnan
    Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warszawa, Poland
  • Rumen Bachev
    Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Shosse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
  • Erika Benítez
    Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía, AP 70-264, CDMX 04510, Mexico
  • Kosmas Gazeas
    Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy and Mechanics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Zografos, Athens, Greece
  • David Hiriart
    Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, AP106, 22860 Ensenada, BC, Mexico
  • Shao-Ming Hu
    Shandong Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
  • Valeri Larionov
    Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Alessandro Marchini
    University of Siena, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, Astronomical Observatory, Via Roma 56, I-53100 Siena, Italy
  • Katsura Matsumoto
    Osaka Kyoiku University, Institute of Astronomy, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara 582-8582 Osaka, Japan
  • A A Nikiforova
    Astronomical Institute, St. Petersburg State University, 198504, St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Tapio Pursimo
    Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
  • Claudia M Raiteri
    INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
  • Daniel E Reichart
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
  • Diego Rodriguez
    Guadarrama Observatory, E-28430 Alpedrete, Madrid, Spain
  • Evgeni Semkov
    Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Shosse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
  • Anton Strigachev
    Institute of Astronomy and National Astronomical Observatory, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tsarigradsko Shosse Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
  • Yuki Sugiura
    Osaka Kyoiku University, Institute of Astronomy, 4-698-1 Asahigaoka, Kashiwara 582-8582 Osaka, Japan
  • Massimo Villata
    INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy
  • James R Webb
    Department of Physics, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St., Miami, FL 33199, USA
  • Axel Arbet-Engels
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Dominik Baack
    TU Dortmund, Experimental Physics 5, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
  • Matteo Balbo
    University of Geneva, Department of Astronomy, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
  • Adrian Biland
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Thomas Bretz
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Jens Buss
    TU Dortmund, Experimental Physics 5, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
  • Laura Eisenberger
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Dominik Elsaesser
    TU Dortmund, Experimental Physics 5, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
  • Dorothee Hildebrand
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Roman Iotov
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Adelina Kalenski
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Karl Mannheim
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Alison Mitchell
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Dominik Neise
    ETH Zurich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Otto-Stern-Weg 5, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  • Maximilian Noethe
    TU Dortmund, Experimental Physics 5, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
  • Aleksander Paravac
    University of Würzburg, Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, Campus Hubland Nord, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
  • Wolfgang Rhode
    TU Dortmund, Experimental Physics 5, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
  • Vitalii Sliusar
    University of Geneva, Department of Astronomy, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
  • Roland Walter
    University of Geneva, Department of Astronomy, Chemin d’Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland

抄録

<jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p>The study of short-term variability properties in AGN jets has the potential to shed light on their particle acceleration and emission mechanisms. We report results from a 4-d coordinated multiwavelength campaign on the highly peaked blazar (HBL) Mkn 421 in 2019 January. We obtained X-ray data from AstroSAT, BVRI photometry with the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT), and TeV data from First G-APD Cherenkov Telescope to explore short-term multiwavelength variability in this HBL. The X-ray continuum is rapidly variable on time-scales of tens of ks. Fractional variability amplitude increases with energy across the synchrotron hump, consistent with previous studies; we interpret this observation in the context of a model with multiple cells whose emission spectra contain cutoffs that follow a power-law distribution. We also performed time-averaged and time-resolved (time-scales of 6 ks) spectral fits; a broken power-law model fits all spectra well; time-resolved spectral fitting reveals the usual hardening when brightening behaviour. Intra-X-ray cross-correlations yield evidence for the 0.6–0.8 keV band to likely lead the other bands by an average of 4.6 ± 2.6 ks, but only during the first half of the observation. The source displayed minimal night-to-night variability at all wavebands thus precluding significant interband correlations during our campaign. The broad-band SED is modelled well with a standard one-zone leptonic model, yielding jet parameters consistent with those obtained from previous SEDs of this source.</jats:p>

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